Building Planning | Principles Of Planning | Civil Engineering | 2021 | Basic Knowledge |

 Principles Of Planning :

➨ While planning the building we must consider Following basic Principles.

1. Aspect
2. Prospect 
3. Privacy
4. Grouping
5. Roominess
6. Circulation
7. Furniture Requirement
8. Elegance
9. Sanitation
10. Economy
11. Safety 
12. Noise Control

• Aspect : 

                         'Aspect' means a skillful arrangement of doors and window in the external walls of the building in such a way that the occupants enjoy the natural gifts like scenery, sunshine, Air, Morning vibes.

              In general `Aspect Diagram' which indicates general directional arrangement of various rooms in India.

            Aspect also considers a proper placement of different rooms in the building according to their activities. Aspect depends on climatic conditions of sun, rain, wind in region for different seasons.

1. Aspect ensure comfort and proper hygienic conditions.
2. The kitchen is supposed to have eastern aspect bcz morning sun purifies and refreshes air in kitchen and keeps kitchen cool
3. Study room is in Northern because It diffused and evenly distributed light is obtained from north. Direct Glare on eyes is eliminated.
4. Living room is in Southern or South-East direction because in winter direct sun rays from south enter to keep rooms warm and in summer north sun rays are avoided to enter in rooms.

• Prospect :

                          Prospect is the arrangement of windows in the external walls which allows the inside viewer to enjoy the outside pleasant view.

1. Good prospect can be provided by projecting windows, galleries, inclined breakers, etc.
2. Prospect depends on the surroundings of the building.
3. It must also possess good qualities like comfort, cheerfulness, security, labour saving and modern outlook.
4. The house should have a proper prospect so that it can gives a feeling of cheerfulness to the people living in it.

• Privacy :

                         Privacy of the entire building from the surrounding building, streets and byways is necessary. It is provided by keeping windows at high levels from outside road or ground and by growing plants and trees around the building.

1. Internal privacy can be provided by provided by screens, shelters, shutters, lobbies, partitions etc.
2. Internal privacy can be achieved by providing doors at proper places and hanging shutters.

  ➢  Thus privacy can be obtained by-

1. Curtains of windows and doors.
2. Correct disposition of doors and shutters.
3. Providing windows at high levels.
4. Fitted thee non-transparent glasses and partitions wall.

 օ  Privacy can be maintained in ways :

1. External
2. Internal

• Grouping :

                           Arrangement of different rooms according to their functions is known as grouping.

Grouping should be such that 

1. Function of each room is performed smoothly.
2. Person passing from one room to the other should feel it invited and encouraging.
3. The movement should be easy.  

➱ Good example of grouping of residential building.

1. Sanitary near to bedroom as well as kitchen.
2. Kitchen and dining room should be adjacent.
3. Living room should be next to reception room.
4. Passages should be minimum and staircase should be near to maximum rooms.

• Roominess : 

                              An apparent feeling of spaciousness or extra space created by the shape of the room is known as roominess.

1. Rectangular room is felt larger then the square room of the same area.
2. Increase in room area requires more expenditure.

• Furniture requirements :

                                  The furniture requirement and their sizes can be predetermined considering the types of the building, functions of various rooms and the maximum number of persons using the rooms.

1. The furniture arrangement is determined by the positions of doors and windows.
2. In many cases, the rooms are occupied first and then the furniture is arranged.
3. Size and spacing of furniture are determined in relation with the roominess.

• Circulation : 

                          It means the access or the internal thoroughfare from room to room and from floor to floor.

     There are two types of circulation :

1. Horizontal - movement on same floor
2. Vertical  - Movement from floor to floor. It is provided by stair, lifts, elevations etc.

• sanitation :

                      Sanitation considers provisions of 

1. Light
2. Ventilation
3. sanitary units
4. Cleaning facilities

• Ventilation :

                 Change in air in the room is known as ventilation.

  Ventilation removes respirated hot air, foul air, bacteria, unpleasant odours etc. 

  ➪ Types 

1. Natural
2. Forced

• Elegance :

                 Elegance is the effect produced by the elevation and general plan building.

                 Elevation is needed due to personal aspirations and ego that the own building be praised by others.

• Economy :

                        It is the deciding factor and not merely a principle in the building planning. 

➢ Safety of Structures :

1. Safety against Fire.
2. Safety against Lightning. 

• Noise Control :

                      Noise is defined as any undesirable sound of any frequency and any intensity, other than the desired sound.

➤ Types :

1. Indoor noise.
2. Outdoor noise.
3. Air-borne.
4. Structure-borne.

• Orientation :

                  The disposition of the complete building plan on a given land in a particular direction is known as "Orientation".